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WLS-PVC Kaad a Wɔde Di Dwuma
WALLIS na ɔkyerɛwee
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Wallis yɛ amanne kwan so 13.56MHz contactless smart NFC PVC cards ma kwan a wɔfa so hwɛ, asɔremma, ahɔhodan, sukuupɔn, nsɛm a esisi, nokwaredi nhyehyɛe, akwantu, nkyerɛkyerɛmu, NFC aguadi ne smart-card nnwuma afoforo. Kaad biara ka 13.56MHz chip a wɔapaw ne antenna a wɔayɛ no yiye ne PVC kaad nipadua a ɛyɛ den bom.
Adetɔfoɔ bɛtumi ayɛ chip, kaad kɛseɛ, adwini, tintim, soro awie, UID anaa serial-number tintim, QR codes, barcodes ne data encoding a wɔpɛ. Ɛsɛ sɛ kaad a etwa to no ne akenkanfo protocol, memory ahwehwɛde, ahobammɔ level, smartphone a ɛne ne ho hyia ne application software no hyia.
Asɛmfua '13.56MHz' kyerɛ adwumayɛ frequency nanso ɛnkyerɛkyerɛ amansan smart-card gyinapɛn biako mu. NTAG, MIFARE, DESFire ne ICODE nneɛma wɔ protocol ahodoɔ, memory nhyehyɛɛ, ahyɛdeɛ ne ahobanbɔ tumi ahodoɔ na ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔfa no sɛ wɔsesa wɔn ho wɔn ho.
| Adwadeɛ | Amanneɛbɔ 13.56MHz Contactless Smart NFC PVC Kaad | Nhwɛsoɔ | WLS-PVC Kaad a Wɔde Di Dwuma |
| Atadeɛ | PVC a wɔde yɛ adwuma | Mpɛn dodoɔ | 13.56MHz HF/NFC na ɛyɛ adwuma |
| Kaad no Kɛse | 86 × 54 mm a wobetumi apaw; wobetumi aka nsusuwii ahorow a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ ho asɛm | Kaad a Ɛyɛ Den | Dwumadie pɔtee bi; si so dua sɛnea akenkanfo, printa ne kaad adansi kyerɛ |
| Nhoma tintim | Inkjet anaa Indigo nhoma tintim; wobetumi asan ahwɛ akwan foforo a wɔfa so yɛ nneɛma no mu | Ahosuo | Anim ne akyi adwini ne brand kɔla ahorow a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ |
| Chip a Wobɛpaw | NTAG, MIFARE, DESFire, ICODE ne 13.56MHz akwan foforo a ɛne no hyia a ɛwɔ mfiridwuma mu si so dua | Protocol | ISO/IEC 14443 Type A, ISO/IEC 15693 anaa chip-specific protocol foforo |
| Nnipa a wɔyɛ wɔn ankasa de | UID, serial nɔma, din, mfonini, QR code, barcode ne data afoforo a ɛsakra | Encoding a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm | NDEF a wopɛ anaasɛ project-specific data kyerɛw sɛnea chip, keys ne memory map a wɔapene so te |
| Nneɛma a Wɔpaw wɔ Surface | Glossy, matte anaa biribi foforo a wɔagye atom sɛ wɔawie | Nneɛma Afoforo a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma | Magnetic stripe, signature panel, tokuru a wɔbɔ, UV tintim anaa holographic a wɔde wie denam adwuma so |
| Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma Titiriw | Access, ahɔhodan, asɔremma, nokwaredi, adeyɛ, sukuupɔn, NFC aguadi ne identity nhyehyɛe | OEM Mmoa | Chip a wɔpaw, tintim, encoding, nhwɛsode a wɔpene so, nhwehwɛmu ne nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne |
WLS-PVC Kaad no boa 86 × 54 mm format, Inkjet anaa Indigo tintim, kɔla a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ ne PVC kaad nipadua. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsi thickness, chip, protocol, memory, read range, operating temperature ne security functions pɛpɛɛpɛ so dua ma adwuma biara.
Smart card a enni nkitahodi no kura circuit a wɔaka abom a wɔde abɔ antenna bi a ɛwɔ PVC card nipadua no mu. Ɔkenkanfo no nam radio-frequency field no so ma ahoɔden, na ɛma kaad no ne akenkanfo no tumi sesa ahyɛde ne data a anyinam ahoɔden nka ho.
Dodow no ara standard contactless PVC cards yɛ passive na wonya adwumayɛ ahoɔden fi akenkanfo afuw. Kaad no nhia batere a ɛwɔ mu na ama wɔatumi adi nkitaho sɛnea ɛsɛ.
Akenkan kwan ankasa gyina chip, antenna geometry, kaad a wɔyɛ, akenkanfo tumi, akenkanfo antena, nneɛma a ɛbɛn ne kaad no kwankyerɛ so. Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔma kwan a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ ho bɔhyɛ a wɔmfa akenkanfo a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔkenkan no nsɔ kaad a wɔawie no nhwɛ.
Sɛ wosakra chip, antenna, card thickness anaa nneɛma a ɛbɛn a, ebetumi aka resonance ne akenkan adwumayɛ. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsɔ chip-and-antenna adansi a wɔapene so no hwɛ bere a wɔatintim, lamination ne card awie awie no.
NFC yɛ adwuma wɔ 13.56MHz, nanso ɛnyɛ 13.56MHz HF RFID kaad biara na ɛde smartphone nkitahodi anaa NFC Forum suban koro no ara ma. Compatibility gyina chip ne protocol pɛpɛɛpɛ so.
| Chip Abusua | Protocol Positioning | Typical Project Fit | Paw a ɛho hia Hyɛ no nsow |
|---|---|---|---|
| NTAG213 / 215 / 216 na ɛwɔ hɔ | NFC Forum Ɔkwan 2 ne ISO/IEC 14443 Ɔkwan A | NFC adwuma kaad, wɛbsaet nkitahodi, dijitaal profile, nokwaredi nkitahodi ne mobile nkitahodi | Ɛsono nea ɔde di dwuma no nkae wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no mu; si NDEF kɛseɛ, password, lock ne originality ahwehwɛdeɛ so dua |
| MIFARE Ultralight a Ɛyɛ Fɛ | ISO/IEC 14443 Type A atwa yɛn ho ahyia | Nsɛm a esisi, tekiti a wɔmfa nni dwuma kakraa bi, nokwaredi ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔapaw a wɔde hu nnipa | Si awo ntoatoaso, memory, password ne originality features pɔtee so dua |
| MIFARE Classic, Nsɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ | ISO/IEC 14443 Type A agyapadeɛ abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom | Nneɛma a wɔde kɔ hɔ dedaw, asɔremma, ahɔhodan, tekiti anaa installed-reader replacement projects | Fa di dwuma wɔ baabi a nhyehyɛe a wɔde ahyɛ mu no hwehwɛ; hwehwɛ ɔkwan foforo a ahobammɔ wom a wɔbɛfa so ayɛ nhyehyɛe foforo a ahobammɔ kɛse wom mu |
| MIFARE AKƆNNƆ | ISO/IEC 14443 Type A a ɛwɔ ahobammɔ a ɛkorɔn-layer applications | Ahobanbɔ kwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ, sukuupɔn, akwantuo, identity ne multi-application card nhyehyɛeɛ | Ɛhia application nhyehyeɛ, key management, personalization ne akenkanfoɔ/software nkabom |
| ICODE / ISO 15693 na ɛwɔ hɔ | ISO/IEC 15693 ne NFC Forum Type 5 gyinabea | Nhomakorabea, agyapade, nkyerɛkyerɛmu ne mpɔtam-kaad dwumadie | Ɛnyɛ nea wotumi sesa ne ISO/IEC 14443 akenkanfo; si protocol ne antenna nhyehyɛe so dua |
Kaad mmienu nyinaa tumi yɛ adwuma wɔ 13.56MHz bere a wɔde gyinapɛn ahorow, ahyɛde ne application layers ahorow redi dwuma. Fa akenkanfoɔ nhwɛsoɔ, mprempren kaad, protocol anaa chip a wɔhwehwɛ ma ansa na woapene kaad a wɔde besi ananmu.
URL tiawa betumi ahyɛ NFC memory ketewa bi mu, bere a dijitaal profael kɛse, NDEF kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow pii anaa application nhyehyɛe a ahobammɔ wom betumi ahia tumi pii. Ɛsɛ sɛ wowie encoding content ansa na wɔapaw chip no.
Mfitiaseɛ password ahobanbɔ, daa locking, cryptographic mutual authentication ne ahobanbɔ multi-application mmoa yɛ tumi soronko. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbom yɛ chip, reader, keys, software ne backend no.
Wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛsan ba mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ adetɔfo si so dua sɛ nea ɔyɛ no fã nɔma pɔtee, akwan foforo a wɔapene so, nneɛma a wɔde ma no kɔ so, UID nhyehyɛe ne nsakrae-hwɛ ahwehwɛde ahorow ansa na wɔde adi dwuma bere tenten.
Wɔtaa paw NFC Forum-compatible chips te sɛ NTAG21x bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no de fon bɔ kaad bi so de bue URL, nkitahodi krataafa, dijitaal adwuma kaad, nneɛma ho kyerɛwtohɔ anaa ɔsatu no krataafa.
NFC kaad a ɛne no hyia betumi de NDEF kyerɛwtohɔ te sɛ URL, nsɛm anaa nkitahodi ho nsɛm asie. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsi data kɛseɛ, kyerɛwtohɔ su, redirect strategy, password nhyehyeɛ ne daakye editing ahwehwɛdeɛ so dua ansa na wɔayɛ encoding.
Chip a ɛne no hyia nhyɛ bɔ sɛ wɔbɛyɛ ade koro wɔ smartphone biara so. Phone hardware, antenna beae, operating system, application ho kwan ne card a wɔde si hɔ betumi aka osuahu a ɔde di dwuma no.
NFC chips a wɔapaw no boa password ahobammɔ ne daa akenkan nkutoo lock. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde daa locking di dwuma bere a wɔadi data a etwa to no ho adanse akyi nkutoo efisɛ ebia wɔrentumi nsan adwumayɛ no.
Wɔ aguadi ne dijitaal-profile kaad ho no, encoding a managed redirect URL betumi ama destination updates ayɛ mmerɛw a worenkyerɛw card biara bio. Redirect platform ne domain ahobammɔ da so ara yɛ adetɔfo no dijitaal nhyehyɛe no fã.
Kaad betumi ada ahyɛnsode ahorow, nnwumakuw kɔla ahorow, mfonini ahorow, akwankyerɛ ahorow, nkitahodi ho nsɛm ne mfonini ahorow a wɔakyerɛw din wɔ so adi. Wɔkamfo AI, EPS anaa PDF adwini a wotumi sesa kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nyɛ ahyɛnsode a ɛyɛ nnam.
Adwini a wɔasiesie no pue wɔ kaad biara so, bere a mmeae a ɛsakra no betumi ayɛ din, adwumayɛfo ID, asɔremma nɔma, mfonini, nna a ɛbɛba awiei, QR koodu, barcode anaa chip UID.
Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ nɔma a wɔatintim no ne ɛlɛtrɔnik UID anaa encoded record no hyia a, kyerɛkyerɛ hexadecimal anaa decimal format, byte nhyehyɛe, zero a edi kan, separators ne card sequence ansa na wɔayɛ.
Ɛgyina sɛnea wɔyɛɛ kaad no so no, nea wobetumi apaw no betumi ayɛ nneɛma a ɛhyerɛn anaasɛ ɛyɛ matte, magnetic stripes, signature panels, ntokuru, hot stamping, UV printing, holographic elements ne ahobammɔ anaa branding nneɛma afoforo.
Fa anim ne akyi mfonini ahorow a mogya tu ne mmeae a ahobammɔ wɔ ma. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nsɛm a ɛsakra ma wɔ spreadsheet a wɔapene so a row biako wɔ kaad biara mu ne nkyerɛwde a wɔakyerɛw so pefee.
PVC cards a enni nkitahodi betumi ahunu adwumayɛfoɔ, adwumayɛfoɔ ne ahɔhoɔ berɛ a chip a wɔapaw ne encoded credential no ne access system a wɔde ahyɛ mu no hyia.
Ɛsɛ sɛ ahɔhodan mu nkrataa ne lock-system brand, encoder, chip ne property-management adwumayɛ kwan no hyia. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsɔ honam fam nhwɛsode hwɛ wɔ apon ankasa no so ansa na wɔayɛ no pii.
Adetɔnfoɔ, akuo, apɔmudenbea ne wɔn a wɔde nnwuma ma no bɛtumi de kaad a wɔayɛ no sɛdeɛ wɔpɛ adi dwuma de akyerɛ asɔremma, akɔhyɛn mu, akatua anaa nkitahodie a ɛkɔ digyital profile so.
Sukuu ne sukuupɔn betumi de nkyerɛkyerɛmu, nhomakorabea, kɔ ne adwumayɛbea dwumadi ahorow abom bere a smart-card platform a wɔapaw no boa wɔn akenkanfo ne softwea no.
Ebia tekiti ne akwantuo nhyehyɛeɛ de 13.56MHz mfiridwuma bedi dwuma, nanso ɛtaa hwehwɛ chips pɔtee, asɛm no ahoɔhare, ahobanbɔ, adansedie ne ankorankoro nhyehyɛeɛ.
Kaad a NFC wɔ mu no betumi de smartphones a ɛne no hyia adi dwuma de abɔ wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no akɔ nkitahodi ho nsɛm, sohyial profiles, nneɛma nkratafa, menu ahorow, nsɛm a wɔde hyɛ nkurɔfo nkuran anaa dijitaal nneɛma afoforo a wɔahyɛ so.
Smart cards betumi aboa ayarefo anaa adwumayɛfo a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ adwumayɛ mu, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbɔ aduruyɛ ho nsɛm a ɛho hia ho ban denam akwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ, encryption, kokoam nsɛm ho nhyehyɛe ne akyi nhyehyɛe a ɛfata so sen sɛ wɔde besie pefee.
Generic 13.56MHz PVC card nyɛ sikakorabea sikatua kaad a ɛyɛ ne ho. Katua, akwantuo ka ne nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛsom boɔ a wɔkora so no hwehwɛ sɛ wonya chip a wɔapene so a ahobanbɔ wom, terminals a wɔagye atom, safoa sohwɛ, software a wɔde bɛka abom ne system tumi krataa.
Wobetumi aka kaad ho asɛm sɛ kaad a ɛnyɛ hwee a wɔde di nkitaho a wɔde kyerɛw adetɔfo afã anaasɛ sɛ kaad a wɔadi kan akyerɛw a wɔde data fael a wɔapene so di dwuma. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛ chip, memory map, keys, passwords, lock tebea ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so di adanse.
Smart-card application ahorow a ahobammɔ wom hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ safoa a wɔahyɛ so, wɔde kɔ baabi foforo, wɔyɛ no ahorow ahorow, wɔkora so na wɔdannan. Sɛ wode chip a ahobammɔ wom ma a wonni key-management nhyehyɛe biara a, ɛmma wonnya adansedi krataa a ahobammɔ wom.
Chip mmusua binom de mfitiaseɛ nsaano nkyerɛwee anaa cryptographic authentication ma. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nea ɔyɛe no nhyehyɛe a wɔakyerɛw ato hɔ no di dwuma de gye saa dwumadi ahorow yi tom na wɔde ka akyi adansedi adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe no ho.
Fa data a application no hwehwɛ nkutoo sie. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde mmara a ɛfa kwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ ne akyi nhyehyɛe ahorow bɔ ankorankoro ho nsɛm a ɛho hia ho ban sen sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛw sɛ kaad mu nsɛm a wɔammɔ ho ban.
Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkenkan nkrataa a wɔde encoded ayɛ no san na wɔde toto database a wɔapene so no ho. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wokra nneɛma a wopɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ nɔma a wɔatintim, QR code ne ɛlɛtrɔnik data kɔ so yɛ pɛ.
Application ne card dwumadie a wɔhwehwɛ
Chip model pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ protocol a wɔhwehwɛ
Akenkanfo, encoder, smartphone anaa ahɔhodan-lock model
Memory, akenkan/kyerɛw, ahobammɔ ne key-management ahwehwɛde ahorow
Kaad kɛse, ne kɛse, ne soro ne dodow
Anim ne akyi adwini a mogya atɔ mu
Fixed ne variable a wɔatintim mfuw
Encoding data, NDEF kyerɛwtohɔ, passwords, safe ne lock tebea
Magnetic stripe, signature panel, tokuru anaa ahobammɔ-awie ahwehwɛde
Nhwɛso dodow, nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere, baabi a wɔde bɛkɔ ne nhyehyɛe
Send Wo Chip ne Reader Ahwehwɛde ahorow
Wallis hwɛ chip, protocol, antenna, akenkanfoɔ, software, kaad kɛseɛ, tintim, encoding ne finishing ahwehwɛdeɛ ansa na wasi quotation ne sample specification no so dua.
Ɛsɛ sɛ adanse no si anim ne akyi adwinni, nsusuwii, mogya, mmeae a data a ɛsakra, nsɛm a wɔatintim a ɛfa chip ho ne gyinabea titiriw a wɔde wie no si so dua.
Ɛsɛ sɛ adetɔfo sɔ tintim, nsusuwii, ɔfasu no su, akenkanfo a ɛne ne ho hyia, smartphone nkitahodi, akenkan kwan, encoding ne lock tebea hwɛ denam mfiri ne softwea a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no so.
Nhwehwɛmu betumi ayɛ nea ɛka ho ne sɛnea ɛte, ne nsusuwii, sɛnea ɛyɛ tratraa, sɛnea wotumi kenkan chip, UID, data a wɔde encoded, sɛnea wɔde tintim no hyia ne sɛnea wɔde kyerɛwtohɔ a wɔatintim ne nea wɔde ɛlɛtrɔnik ayɛ no hyia.
Wobetumi de data a wɔahyɛ so ahyɛ kaad ahorow a ɛtoatoa so no mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ adaka mu nkyerɛwde, kaad dodow, nneɛma a wɔkra nnidiso nnidiso ne nhwehwɛmu kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow di adwuma no ahwehwɛde ahorow a wɔapene so no akyi.
Wallis boa nhwɛsoɔ nkɔsoɔ ne OEM a wɔyɛ ma wɔn a wɔkyekyɛ, wɔn a wɔka nhyehyɛeɛ bom, ahobanbɔ nnwumakuo, ahɔhodan, asɔremma nhyehyɛeɛ ne adwuma no mu adetɔ akuo.
Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ chip, antenna ne PVC layers no ho adwuma sɛnea card construction a wɔapene so no te na ama wɔakura flatness, surface quality ne contactless adwumayɛ mu.
Wobetumi asusuw nkrataa a wɔawie no ho sɛ ɛyɛ nea wotumi hu, ne nsusuwii ne akenkan a enni nkitahodi sɛnea nhwehwɛmu nkyerɛkyerɛmu a wɔahyɛ no den no kyerɛ.
Wɔde mfonini a edidi so yi ama sɛ PVC nneɛma a wɔde gyina hɔ ma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde chip a wɔapaw, antenna, card adansi ne production sample a wɔapene so no si smart-card specifications so dua.
Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde kaad a enni nkitahodi hyehyɛ mu na ama wɔatew nsensanee, kotow, nsu a ɛbɛkɔ so ne kankyee a wontumi nni so bere a wɔde rekɔ no so. Wobetumi de kaad dodow, adaka nɔma ne dodow a wɔde ahyɛ mu akyerɛw nneɛma a wɔkra a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ anaasɛ wɔyɛ no nnidiso nnidiso.
Wallis betumi ahwɛ akenkanfo, protocol, memory, ahobammɔ ne smartphone ahwehwɛde ahorow mu ansa na wasi kaad nhyehyɛe a ɛfata so dua.
Adetɔfoɔ bɛtumi de adwini a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ, data a ɛsakra, UID tintim, QR koodu, barcode ne chip encoding a wɔpɛ abom wɔ adwuma no adwumayɛ kwan baako mu.
Honam fam nhwɛsode boa ma wosi kaad no hwɛbea, akenkanfo a ɛne ne ho hyia, smartphone adwumayɛ ne encoded data ansa na wɔayi bulk order no adi.
Wallis boa wɔn a wɔkyekyɛ kaad, wɔn a wɔde akwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ no bom, ahɔhodan, sukuu, adetɔnfo, wɔn a wɔyɛ nhyiam ahorow ne ahyehyɛde afoforo a wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde smart card ahorow a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wɔpɛ a enni nkitahodi.
Fi ase Wo NFC Kaad Dwumadi a Wopɛ sɛ Woyɛ
Ɛyɛ radio adwumayɛ frequency. Ɛnkyerɛ protocol, memory anaa security level pɔtee, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsi chip ne reader specification nso so dua.
Dabi ISO/IEC 14443 Type A, Type B, ISO/IEC 15693 ne NFC Forum chip mmusua nyinaa betumi de 13.56MHz adi dwuma nanso ɛnyɛ nea wotumi sesa wɔn ho wɔn ho.
NTAG213, NTAG215 anaa NTAG216 yɛ nneɛma a wɔtaa paw. Paw model no sɛnea NDEF data kɛse, password ahwehwɛde, fon a ɛne ne ho hyia ne daakye editing nhyehyɛe te.
Ebia platform a ahobammɔ wom te sɛ DESFire ade a ɛne no hyia no bɛfata, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ akenkanfo, nsafe, aplikeshɔn fael, softwea ne akyi kwan no ma saa chip no.
Ebetumi bere a telefon no boa chip ne data format a wɔapaw no. Sɔ kaad no hwɛ denam telefon mfonini ahorow a ɛyɛ ananmusifo ne dwumadi nhyehyɛe ahorow so ansa na wɔayɛ no pii.
Wobetumi de NDEF URL ahyɛ NFC kaad a ɛne no hyia no mu. Fa URL a etwa to, redirect ahwehwɛde, password anaa lock nhyehyɛe ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so di adanse ma.
Chips a wɔapaw no boa daa akenkan nkutoo locking. Fa apon a ɛtra hɔ daa di dwuma bere a woadi nokware a etwa to akyi nkutoo efisɛ ebia wɔrentumi nsan oprehyɛn no.
NFC PVC kaad a ɛyɛ generic no ntumi nnye sikatua ho adansedi krataa a ɛyɛ ne ho. Katua a ahobanbɔ wom hwehwɛ chip a wɔapene so, terminals a wɔagye atom, safe a wɔahyɛ so, software a wɔde bɛka abom ne tumi krataa a efi sikatua anaa closed-loop nhyehyɛe no mu.
Aane. Wobetumi ayɛ edin, nɔma, QR koodu, barcode ne ɛlɛtrɔnik kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛne no hyia afi database a wɔapene so a ɛwɔ row biako wɔ kaad biara mu.
Akenkan kwan no gyina chip, antenna, akenkanfo, kaad a wɔyɛ, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so kyerɛ no so. Sɔ kratasin a wɔawie no hwɛ ne ɔkenkanfo a wopɛ sɛ wokenkan no hwɛ sen sɛ wode wo ho bɛto amansan nyinaa kwan so.
PVC kaad betumi ama wɔatumi ako atia nsu a ɛtaa ba no yiye. Ankasa a ɛko tia gyina kaad a wɔyɛ, lamination, edge quality ne exposure tebea horow so, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wosi nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho ahwehwɛde titiriw so dua.
Wɔkamfo nhwɛsode bi kyerɛ denneennen sɛ wɔmfa nsi adwinni, nsusuwii, akenkanfo a ɛne ne ho hyia, smartphone nkitahodi, akenkan kwan, encoding ne ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe so dua.
Fa application, chip anaa protocol, akenkanfo nhwɛso, dodow, kaad kɛse, adwinni, data a ɛsakra, encoding ahwehwɛde, ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe, wie, packaging ne delivery destination.
