Views: 18 Omuwandiisi: Site Editor Obudde bw'okufulumya: 2024-06-24 Ensibuko: Ekibanja
{ RFID card prelam inlay ye functional core ekozesebwa okukola smart card etaliiko contact. Kirimu RFID integrated circuit (IC), antenna erongooseddwa, ne layers eziwanirira ezisooka okulaminated mu stable sheet. Kaadi ewedde bw’eyingira mu nnimiro y’omusomi akwatagana, antenna efuna amaanyi ga leediyo-frequency, chip n’ekola amaanyi, era kaadi n’ewanyisiganya data y’okuzuula oba okukozesa n’omusomi awatali kukwatagana butereevu na masannyalaze.
Eky’okuddamu eky’amangu: Omusomi akola ekifo kya RF, antenna ey’okuyingiza (inlay antenna) ekwatagana n’ennimiro eyo, era chip etaliiko kye yeekolera RFID ekungula amaanyi agamala okukola. Olwo chip n’esindika data yaayo eterekeddwa n’edda mu antenna. Omusomi aggyamu enkoodi y’okuddamu n’agiyisa mu nkola y’okufuga okuyingira, okusasula, okutunda tikiti, okuzuula oba enkola endala ey’emabega.
RFID card prelam inlay, era eyitibwa contactless card inlay oba RFID prelam sheet , kitundu ekitali kiwedde ekiweebwa abakola kaadi entegefu. Circuit y’ebyuma yateekebwa dda era n’ekuumibwa munda mu lupapula lw’akaveera, naye ekintu kyetaaga okusiba omubiri gwa kaadi, okukuba ebitabo, okukuba ebikonde, okulongoosa mu ngeri ey’obuntu, n’okukeberebwa okusembayo nga tekinnafuuka kaadi RFID ewedde.
Olupapula lwa prelam luyinza okubaamu ebifo bya kaadi ebingi mu nsengeka nga 2 × 5, 3 × 7, 4 × 8, oba 5 × 5, okusinziira ku bipimo by’olupapula, obunene bwa kaadi, geometry ya antenna, n’ebikozesebwa wansi. Buli kifo mu budde obutuufu kirimu ekitundu kimu ekya chip-and-antenna ekikwatagana n’ekifo ekigendereddwamu okusala kaadi.
| Enkola y’ebintu | Enzimba eya bulijjo | Embeera y’okufulumya | Enkozesa eya bulijjo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inlay enkalu | Chip ne antenna ku carrier nga temuli pressure-sensitive adhesive | Basic electronic okuyingiza | Okukyusa mu biwandiiko, obubonero, okupakinga oba kaadi |
| Inlay ennyogovu | RFID inlay ne adhesive ne release liner | Mwetegefu okukozesebwa oba okukyusa label | RFID sitiika n'ebiwandiiko ebigezi |
| RFID okuyingiza mu prelam | Chip, antenna, carrier, ne layers za pulasitiika ezikuuma mu ngeri ya sheet | Ekitundu kya kaadi ekiwedde ekitundu | Okukola smart card ezitaliiko kukwatagana |
| Kaadi RFID ewedde | prelam core, layers ezikubiddwa, Firimu ya overlay s, n'ebintu eby'obukuumi eby'okwesalirawo | Ekintu ekiwedde era ekikoleddwa ku muntu | Okutuuka, okusasula, okuyita, okuzuula, obwesigwa, n’okugula tikiti |
Omulimu ogwesigika RFID gusinziira ku dizayini y’amasannyalaze n’okuzimba okw’ebyuma nga bikolagana. Antenna erina okukwatagana ne chip erongooseddwa ne frequency y’okukola, ate layers z’obuveera zirina okukuuma circuit nga tezireese stress esukkiridde mu kiseera ky’okukozesa lamination ne card.
| gw’ekitundu | Ekisumuluzo ky’omulimu | B2B Ebirina okulowoozebwako |
|---|---|---|
| RFID chip oba IC | Etereka ebimanyisa ne data y'enkola, eddukanya empuliziganya, era eyinza okuwagira okukakasa oba okusiba | Omuze gwa chip, memory, protocol, security level, UID format, okugumiikiriza okuwandiika, n'okukwatagana kw'omusomi |
| Antenna | Efuna amaanyi okuva mu musomi era n’etwala akabonero k’okudda | Waya y’ekikomo, ekikomo ekiwandiikiddwa, aluminiyamu ewandiikiddwa, oba kondakita eyakubiddwa; geometry erina okukwatagana ne frequency ne chip impedance |
| Okuyungibwa kwa chip | Akola enkolagana y’amasannyalaze n’ebyuma wakati wa IC ne antenna | Amaanyi g’okukwatagana, okuziyiza okukwatagana, okunyweza ebbugumu, n’okuziyiza okubeebalama |
| Carrier oba substrate | Awagira antenna era akuuma ekifo kya circuit | Okutebenkera mu bipimo, okugumira ebbugumu, okupapajjo, n’okukwatagana n’omubiri gwa kaadi |
| prelam layers | Encapsulate era okuuma circuit y’ebyuma | PVC , PETG , PET , PC , oba ABS ; okugumiikiriza obuwanvu, eddirisa lya lamination, n’okunywerera |
| Obubonero bw’okwewandiisa | Yamba okukwataganya okukuba ebitabo, lamination, n’okukuba kaadi | Obutuufu bwa Reference-edge n’okukwatagana n’ebyuma by’okufulumya eby’omuguzi |
Omusomi RFID asindika akabonero k’okubuuza okuyita mu antenna yaayo ku frequency ewagirwa kaadi. Ku smart card eza bulijjo ezitaliiko kukwatagana, eno etera okuba 13.56 MHz, ate nga kaadi ezimu ez’okuyingira zikola ku 125 kHz. Enkola ez'enjawulo eza kaadi ez'ebanga eddene ziyinza okukozesa UHF frequency.
Kaadi bw’eyingira mu kitundu ky’okusoma ekiyinza okukozesebwa, antenna yaayo ekwatagana n’ekifo ky’omusomi. LF ne HF cards okutwalira awamu zikozesa near-field inductive coupling. UHF ensengekera okusinga zikozesa okusaasaana kw’amayengo g’amasannyalaze n’empuliziganya y’okusaasaana emabega. N’olwekyo dizayini ya antenna tesobola kwawulwa ku frequency egenderere, reader, cards dimensions, n’embeera y’emirimu.
Ebisinga RFID card prelam inlays biba passive era tebiriimu battery. Antenna ekwata amasoboza okuva mu kifo ky’omusomi, era ekitundu ky’amasoboza ag’omunda ekya chip kikyusa ekitundu ky’amasoboza ago ne kifuuka amaanyi ageetaagisa okutandika IC. Amasoboza agaliwo gasinziira ku kufuluma kw’omusomi, okulongoosa antenna, ebanga, okutunula, ebintu ebiri okumpi, n’okuzimba kaadi mu bujjuvu.
Oluvannyuma lw’okukola, omusomi ne chip bagoberera enkola ekwatagana. Okusinziira ku IC, kino kiyinza okuli okuzuula kaadi, okulwanyisa okutomeragana, okulonda, okukakasa, okusoma, okuwandiika, oba ebiragiro ebikwata ku nkola. Enkola z’okulwanyisa okutomeragana ziyamba omusomi okuzuula kaadi emu nga kaadi ezisukka mu emu ezikwatagana ziri mu nnimiro.
Chip ekyusa omugugu gw’amasannyalaze ogulabibwa antenna oba ezza emabega siginiini eyingidde, okusinziira ku nkola ya RFID . Modulation eno etwala eky’okuddamu kya kaadi okudda eri omusomi. Eky'okuddamu kiyinza okubaamu ekimanyisa eky'enjawulo, data y'okujjukira, ekivudde mu kukakasa, oba eky'okuddamu ky'ekiragiro ky'enkola.
Omusomi aggyamu enkoodi y’okuddamu n’asindika data ekozesebwa ku pulogulaamu eyungiddwa. Olwo enkola eno esobola okusumulula oluggi, okukakasa tikiti, okuwandiika abantu abajja, okuzuula omuntu alina kaadi, okulongoosa akawunti y’obwesigwa, oba okukola ekikolwa ekirala ekikkirizibwa. Inlay egaba interface ya hardware etaliiko contact; omulimu gwa bizinensi ogusembayo gusinziira ku chip, software y’okukozesa, okusengeka obukuumi, n’ebikozesebwa mu musomi.
Frequency y’emu ku specifications omuguzi z’alina okusooka okukakasa. Kaadi tesobola kuwuliziganya bulungi na musomi eyategekebwa ku frequency ey’enjawulo oba protocol etakwatagana. Ebibalo by’ebanga ly’okusoma bulijjo birina okutwalibwa ng’ebivudde mu ddaala ly’enkola okusinga eby’obugagga ebikakasiddwa eby’olupapula lwa prelam lwokka.
| RFID Band | Typical Frequency | Common Protocols oba Standards | Enkola za kaadi eza bulijjo | Design Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LF | Nga 125 kHz oba 134.2 kHz | Protocol esinziira ku chip ne system; enkola nnyingi ez’okuyingira ez’edda za bwannannyini | Kaadi z’okuyingira okumpi, endagamuntu, n’enkola ez’edda | Okuyungibwa kwa inductive okw’ebanga ettono; kakasa okukwatagana okutuufu kw’omusomi ne chip |
| HF / NFC | 13.56 MHz | ISO /IEC 14443, ISO /IEC 15693, ne NFC -ebikwata ku nsonga okusinziira ku IC | Okufuga okuyingira, okutambula, kaadi za kampusi, obwesigwa, okuzuula, okutunda tikiti, n'enkolagana NFC | Ya bulijjo ku kaadi ezitaliiko kukwatagana; antenna inductance ne chip capacitance zirina okukwatagana obulungi |
| UHF | Nga 860–960 MHz, nga kigoberera amateeka g’ekitundu | E PC Ekibiina 1 Gen 2 / ISO /IEC 18000-63 ku nkola nnyingi ezitakola UHF | Okuzuula ewala, okusimba mmotoka, okuyingira mu mmotoka, eby’obugagga, ne badge ez’enjawulo | Enkola ekwata ku kutunula kwa antenna, okumpi kw’omubiri, ebyuma, amazzi, n’enteekateeka za frequency ez’ekitundu |
Omukozi akakasa frequency y’okukola, chip model, memory, ebyetaago by’obukuumi, omulimu gw’okusoma/okuwandiika, ebipimo bya card, format ya sheet, layout, card-body material, n’okukozesa target. Ebyetaago bino bye bisalawo dizayini ya antenna n’okuzimba prelam.
Geometry ya antenna ekoleddwa yinginiya ku frequency ne IC erongooseddwa. Okusinziira ku kintu ekikoleddwa, antenna eyinza okukolebwa okuva mu waya y’ekikomo eyingiziddwamu, ekikomo ekiwandiikiddwa, aluminiyamu ewandiikiddwa, oba ekintu ekitambuza ebyuma ekikubiddwa. Okukyuka kwa koyilo, obugazi bw’olutindo, ebanga, okuziyiza, inductance, n’okufuluma ku mabbali ga kaadi bikwata ku nkola esembayo.
Module ya IC oba chip eteekebwa bulungi era ng’eyungibwa ku antenna mu masannyalaze. Ekiyungo kirina okukuuma obuziyiza bw’amasannyalaze obutono nga kiwona ebbugumu, puleesa, okubeebalama, n’okukwata enfunda eziwera mu kiseera ky’okukola kaadi wansi.
Okugezesa emirimu kuyinza okukakasa okuddamu kwa chip, identifier, okuyingira mu memory, resonance oba tuning, antenna continuity, n’okutebenkera kw’empuliziganya. Okuzuula ebiyungo ebinafu nga tebannaba kukola lamination kiyamba okuziyiza ebifo bya kaadi ebiriko obuzibu okutuuka ku layini y’okufulumya kw’omuguzi.
Circuits za inlay ziteekebwa okusinziira ku layout ya multi-card. Okuwandiisa okutuufu kyetaagisa kubanga olupapula oluwedde lulina okukwatagana n’olupapula olukubiddwa, Firimu ya overlay firimu, laminating plates, n’ebikozesebwa mu kukuba kaadi. Okuteeka obubi mu kifo kiyinza okwonoona antenna oba okuteeka chip okumpi ennyo n’empenda ya kaadi.
Layer z’obuveera zikuŋŋaanyizibwa okwetoloola ekisenge ky’obusannyalazo ne ziyungibwa wansi w’ebbugumu, puleesa n’obudde ebifugibwa. Enkola erina okukuuma chip ne antenna nga ekuuma obuwanvu bwa sheet, obutakyukakyuka mu buwanvu, okutebenkera kw’ebipimo, n’okukwatagana n’enzirukanya ya kasitoma esembayo ey’okusiba kaadi.
Empapula za prelam eziwedde zikeberebwa okulaba oba tezikola bulungi, obulema mu kulaba, obucaafu, enkwagulo, ebiwujjo, warpage, obuwanvu, ebipimo, obutuufu bw’ensengeka, n’omutindo gwa reference-edge. Okupakinga okutuufu kukuuma ebipande okuva ku bunnyogovu, enfuufu, okubeebalama, n’okwonooneka kw’ebyuma nga bitambuzibwa mu nsi yonna.
Olupapula lwa prelam luyinza okulabika nga lukkirizibwa mu kulaba naye nga lukyalemererwa mu kiseera ky’okufulumya kaadi oba okukozesa mu nnimiro. N’olwekyo abaguzi ba B2B balina okwekenneenya enkola y’amasannyalaze n’okukwatagana kw’enkola.
| Ekitundu ky'okugezesa | Kye Kikebera | Lwaki Kikulu |
|---|---|---|
| 100% okugezesebwa okukola | Chip response, UID, enkola y'okusoma/okuwandiika, n'empuliziganya | Ezuula chips ezifudde, open circuits, n’ebiyungo ebitali binywevu |
| Okugezesa antenna ne tuning | Okugenda mu maaso, okuziyiza, inductance, resonance, oba response margin | Awagira omulimu gw'omusomi ogutakyukakyuka oluvannyuma lw'okuziyiwa okusembayo |
| Okukebera mu bipimo | Sayizi y’olupapula, obuwanvu, obuwanvu bwa kaadi, ekifo kya chip, n’empenda za reference | Eziyiza obutakwatagana mu kiseera ky’okukuba ebitabo, lamination, n’okukuba ebikonde |
| Okugezesebwa kwa lamination | Okunywerera, ebiwujjo, okukyukakyuka, okukendeera, n’okuwangaala kw’amasannyalaze | Akakasa okukwatagana n'ebikozesebwa mu kaadi-omubiri gw'omuguzi n'eddirisa ly'enkola |
| Okubeebalama n’okugezesa ebyuma | Okuziyiza okuyungibwa kwa antenna ne chip okufukamira n’okukwata | Kikendeeza ku kulemererwa kw’ennimiro okuva ku kondakita okwatika oba bondi enafu |
| Okukebera mu maaso n’obuyonjo | Enfuufu, okukunya, okukutuka, ebiwujjo, amabala, n’obulema ku ngulu | Ekuuma omutindo gw’okukuba ebitabo n’endabika ya kaadi esembayo |
Kaadi ezitakwatagana zisobola okuzuula abakozi, abatuuze, abayizi, abagenyi, oba abakola kontulakiti ku miryango egifugibwa. Enkola eno ekebera ebiwandiiko bya kaadi nga tennakkiriza oba kugaana kuyingira. Obukuumi businziira ku chip erongooseddwa, enzimba y'ebiwandiiko, okuddukanya ebisumuluzo, ensengeka y'omusomi, n'okufuga emabega-si ku kubeerawo kwokka kwa RFID inlay.
RFID ne smart cards ezitaliiko kukwatagana ziwagira enkolagana ya tap ez'amangu ku bbaasi, enkola za metro, emikutu gy'eggaali y'omukka, paakingi, n'okutunda tikiti mu loopu enzigale. Sipiidi y’okutunda ey’amaanyi, okukolagana kw’abasomi, okuwangaala kwa kaadi, n’okukola enkola ey’obukuumi bye bikulu ebikulu mu kugula.
Kaadi emu etaliiko kukwatagana esobola okuwagira okuzuula, okuyingira mu kisenge, okubeerawo, okusasula ebyuma, obwesigwa, oba emirimu egitalina ssente, okusinziira ku chip n’enkola. Pulojekiti ezikozesa enkola eziwera zeetaaga okuteekateeka n’obwegendereza okujjukira, olukusa lw’okuyingira, n’enkola z’okulongoosa omuntu.
RFID kaadi zisobola okuzuula bammemba, okuwandiika okukyalira, okununula emiganyulo, oba okuwagira enkolagana efugibwa nga tewali ssente. Abaguzi balina okulonda obukuumi n’omutindo gw’okujjukira okusinziira ku muwendo gw’okutunda n’akabi k’obufere okusinga okulonda chip okusinziira ku bbeeyi yokka.
Kaadi ezitakwatagana ziyinza okukozesebwa okuzuula abakozi, enkola y’emirimu gy’abalwadde, okuyingira mu byuma, oba okuyingira mu kifo mu ngeri ey’obukuumi. Pulojekiti ezirimu ebikwata ku muntu oba eby’obujjanjabi nazo zirina okugoberera ebyetaago ebikwata ku by’ekyama, obukuumi ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, n’ebiragiro ebikwata ku katale k’okuteeka mu nkola.
Inlay entuufu y’eyo ekola mu ngeri eyesigika mu kuzimba kaadi okujjuvu kw’omuguzi n’embeera y’omusomi eyateekebwamu. Ennyonnyola erina okusinziira ku kusaba okusinga okukoppololwa okuva mu pulojekiti ya kaadi etaliiko kakwate.
Kakasa enkola y’omusomi: frequency, protocol, chip family, ebyetaago by’obukuumi, n’obuwanvu bw’okusoma obusuubirwa.
Lambulula kaadi esembayo: CR80 oba sayizi eya custom, obuwanvu obuwedde, layers ezikubiddwa, Firimu ya overlay s, magnetic stripe, signature panel, oba contact module.
Londa ebintu bya kaadi: PVC , PETG , PET , PC , ABS , oba okuzimba okw'omugatte okusinziira ku lamination, okuwangaala, n'ebyetaago by'obutonde.
Laga ensengeka y’olupapula: ebipimo, ensengeka, eddoboozi lya kaadi, empenda ezijuliziddwa, obubonero bw’okuwandiisa, n’okugumiikiriza okukuba ebikonde.
Kakasa chip data: model, memory, UID requirements, encoding, ebisumuluzo, okukuuma password, n'obuvunaanyizibwa bw'okukola personalization.
Weekenneenye okukwatagana kw’okufulumya: ebbugumu ly’okusiba, puleesa, obudde bw’enzirukanya, okukendeera, obupapajjo bw’empapula, n’okunywerera ku bintu ebikubiddwa.
Saba sampuli: laminate n’okukuba ebipande bya sampuli ng’okozesa enkola yennyini ey’okufulumya, olwo ogezese kaadi eziwedde n’abasomi abagendereddwa.
Nnyonnyola okukkiriza omutindo: amakungula agakola, okugumiikiriza ebipimo, omutindo gw’okwewunda, enkola y’okugezesa, okupakinga, okulondoola, n’okukwata obulema.
Weetaaga olupapula lwa prelam olwa custom RFID ku layini yo ey'okufulumya kaadi?
Weereza model ya chip yo, frequency, sheet size, layout, material, thickness, annual quantity, n’ebyetaago by’omusomi okwekenneenya eby’ekikugu.
Tuukirira RFID prelam OmukuguOkuzuula okutaliiko kukwatagana awatali layini y’okulaba ey’amaaso.
Enkolagana ey’amangu, eddibwamu n’abasomi abakwatagana.
Enzimba ya chip-ne-antenna ekuumibwa okusobola okusiba kaadi wansi.
Custom chip, antenna, material, obuwanvu, n'ensengeka z'empapula za kaadi nnyingi.
Obuwagizi bw'okuyingira, okuyita, endagamuntu, obwesigwa, NFC , n'enkola ez'enjawulo UHF .
Omulimu gw’okusoma guyinza okukendeezebwa olw’enkola y’omusomi etakwatagana, okulongoosa antenna okutali kutuufu, ebanga erisukkiridde, okutunula obubi kaadi, ekyuma oba amazzi okumpi ne kaadi, okutaataaganyizibwa kw’amasannyalaze, okwonooneka kw’ebyuma, enkola ya lamination esembayo etali nnungi, oba okuyungibwa okunafu okuva ku chip-to-antenna. Olw’ensonga eno, okugezesa kaadi ewedde mu mbeera y’okukozesa entuufu kulina amakulu okusinga okwesigama ku kwewozaako okw’enzikiriziganya ey’okusoma-obuwanvu.
RFID okunoonya ensibuko ya prelam kuzingiramu ebyuma eby’amasannyalaze, yinginiya wa antenna, okusiba obuveera, okufuga ebipimo, n’okukola kaadi entegefu. Omugabi asobola alina okuyamba okukakasa okukwatagana kwa chip n’omusomi, okulongoosa antenna n’ensengeka, okufuga obutakyukakyuka bwa lupapula, okuwa okugezesa sampuli, n’okuwagira okugonjoola ebizibu mu kiseera ky’omuguzi okusembayo okukola lamination n’okukuba ebikonde.
Wallis egaba custom RFID card prelam inlays nga ekozesa ebintu nga PVC , PETG , PET , PC , ne ABS eri abakola kaadi n'abawa eby'okugonjoola. Ebintu ebiriwo bisinziira ku chip, frequency, design ya antenna, ebipimo bya sheet, layout, target thickness, ne production volume.
Saba samples oba quotation ey’ekikugu
Teesa ku Pulojekiti Yo eya RFID KaadiRFID prelam inlay ye lupapula oluwedde ekitundu nga lulimu chip, antenna, ne layers ezikuuma. Kaadi RFID ewedde eyongerako layers za kaadi-omubiri ezikubiddwa, Firimu ya overlay s, ebifaananyi eby'okungulu, okulongoosa, okukuba ebikonde, n'okukebera omutindo okusembayo.
Nedda, card prelam inlays ezisinga ziba za passive. Zikungula amaanyi agakola okuva mu nnimiro ya RF y’omusomi ekwatagana. Ebintu ebikola RFID bikozesa bbaatule, naye birina enzimba ey'enjawulo era si bye bisinga okulondebwa ku kaadi ennyimpi eza bulijjo ezitaliiko kukwatagana.
Ebanga ly’okusoma lisinziira ku frequency, chip sensitivity, antenna design and tuning, reader power, reader antenna, card orientation, ebikozesebwa bya card ebisembayo, ekyuma oba amazzi agali okumpi, okutaataaganyizibwa, n’ekkomo erikola ku mateeka. Lirina okukakasibwa ne sampuli eziwedde n’omusomi gw’agenderera.
Nedda.Ekisoma ne kaadi birina okuwagira frequency ezikwatagana, protocols, chip functions, ne security configurations. Kaadi ya 13.56 MHz tejja kukola na musomi eyakolebwa ku bbaluwa ya 125 kHz yokka, era ebintu bibiri ebikozesa frequency y’emu biyinza okuba nga bikyakozesa enkola ezitakwatagana.
Ekintu ekisinga obulungi kisinziira ku nsengeka ya kaadi ewedde, enkola y’okukuba ebitabo, ebbugumu ly’okugikuba, ekiruubirirwa ky’okuwangaala, ebyetaago by’obutonde, n’embalirira. PVC kya bulijjo ku kaadi eza bulijjo, so nga PETG , PET , PC , ABS , oba ensengeka z'omugatte ziyinza okulondebwa olw'obwetaavu obw'enjawulo obw'okukola oba okukola.
Yee. Abakola chip batera okulongoosa model ya chip, geometry ya antenna, ebipimo bya sheet, layout ya card eziwera, material, obuwanvu, card pitch, obubonero obw’okwewandiisa, n’ebyetaago by’okugezesa amasannyalaze. Okusobola okukolebwa kisinziira ku bikozesebwa, obungi bwa oda, n’ebikwata ku by’ekikugu.
Abaguzi balina okusooka okugezesa prelam mu masannyalaze, olwo ne bagikolako laminate n’empapula entuufu ezikubiddwa ne Firimu ya overlay s, punch finished cards, n’okuddamu okugezesa emirimu. Ebanga ly’okusoma, okutebenkera, okuziyiza okubeebalama, endabika, okunywerera kwa layeri, ekifo kya chip, n’okukwatagana n’abasomi bonna abagendereddwamu bisaana okwekenneenya.
Obukuumi bwawukana nnyo okusinziira ku chip ne system design. Ebintu ebimu biwa ekintu ekimanyisa kyokka ekisomebwa, ate nga IC za smart card ezikuumibwa zisobola okuwagira okukakasagana, empuliziganya ensirifu, okujjukira okukuumibwa, n’okufuga ku ddaala ly’enkola. Abaguzi balina okukwataganya enzimba y’obukuumi n’akabi akali mu nkozesa gye bagenderera.
Okuwa omuze gwa chip oba omulimu ogwetaagisa, frequency ne protocol, ebipimo by’olupapula, ensengeka ya kaadi, ebintu, obuwanvu bwa prelam, obuwanvu bwa kaadi obuwedde, antenna oba read-range requirement, encoding needs, testing standard, quantity, packaging, and target application. Ebikwata ku basomi oba kaadi ez’ekyokulabirako nazo za mugaso mu kwekenneenya okukwatagana.
