|
Inlay / prelam
Wallis
| Sayizi: | |
|---|---|
| Chip: | |
| Omuwendo: | |
Wallis dual-frequency RFID TK4100 + F08 inlay prelam sheet ye semi-finished functional core eri abakola ebintu ebikola hybrid access, employee ID, campus, membership, hotel ne multi-system smart cards. Egatta ekiwandiiko ekyetongodde LF 125kHz TK4100 n'ekiwandiiko ekyetongodde HF 13.56MHz F08 mu nsengeka ya kaadi emu, okusobozesa kaadi ewedde okukwatagana n'ebikozesebwa bibiri ebikwatagana eby'omusomi.
Circuits LF ne HF zisigala nga za njawulo: buli frequency erina chip yaayo, antenna oba coil, enneeyisa ya protocol n’okukwatagana kw’omusomi. Okusobola okufulumya mu bungi okwesigika, ebijuliziddwa chip, ebika by’omusomi, ekifo kya antenna, ensengeka y’empapula, ensengeka ya kaadi ewedde n’omutindo gw’okusoma kw’ekigendererwa birina okukakasibwa nga tebannaba kukola bikozesebwa n’okusiba mu bungi.
| Parameter | Reference Specification ne B2B Ekifo eky'okukakasa |
|---|---|
| Ekika ky’Ebintu | Dual-frequency RFID inlay prelam sheet for oluvannyuma Firimu ya overlay lamination, okukuba, okukuba ebikonde n'okulongoosa kaadi. |
| Omugatte ogw’omutindo | LF 125kHz TK4100 + HF 13.56MHz F08.Ekifo kya 125kHz. Kakasa omukozi wa chip omutuufu, ensengeka ya memory, UID format n'ebyetaago by'omusomi/enkola ku specification y'okugula. |
| Ensengeka eziriwo | 2×5 (A4), 3×7, 3×8 n’endala eza matrix z’empapula ezikoleddwa ku mutindo. Ebipimo by’olupapula olusembayo, eddoboozi lya kaadi, ku mabbali, obubonero bw’okwewandiisa n’obulagirizi bw’okukuba ebikonde birina okugoberera ekifaananyi ekikkirizibwa. |
| Ekiwandiiko prelam Obugumu | Nga 0.55–0.60mm ku nsengekera ya LF + HF eriwo kati. Obugumu obutuufu n’okugumiikiriza bisinziira ku chip package, okuzimba antenna, substrate ne final card stack. |
| Ebintu Ebisookerwako | PVC nga eky'okulonda eky'omutindo; ebirala ebikwatagana ne kaadi substrates biyinza okwekenneenyezebwa okusinziira ku nsengeka ya lamination n’ebyetaago bya pulojekiti. |
| LF Antenna | Mu bujjuvu koyilo y’ekikomo ekiwundu ekoleddwa ku 125kHz chip n’embeera y’omusomi erongooseddwa. |
| HF Antenna | Etched oba embedded antenna design tuned ku 13.56MHz chip erongooseddwa, card stack n'embeera y'omusomi. |
| Ku ngulu | Blank prelaminated functional core, egendereddwamu okugattibwa n'empapula z'omusingi eziyinza okukubibwa ne/oba Firimu ya overlay s ezitangaavu. |
| Okukola ku mutindo | Okugatta chip, geometry ya antenna, layout, obuwanvu, sheet size, obubonero obuwandiisa, ensengeka y’ebintu, okupakinga n’okuwandiika. |
| Okukkiriza okw’ekyokulabirako | Sampuli za yinginiya ne Sampuli ya Zaabu birungi nga tebannaba kukola mu bungi. Okubeerawo, obungi n’emigugu bikakasibwa buli pulojekiti. |
LF 125kHz TK4100 Inlay Enzimba
HF 13.56MHz F08 Inlay Enzimba
Dual-frequency RFID prelam ye laminated intermediate sheet erimu circuit bbiri ezeetongodde ezitakwatagana mu buli kifo kya kaadi. Circuit ya TK4100 ekozesebwa mu nkola ezikwatagana eza 125kHz proximity-reader, ate F08 circuit ekozesebwa n’enkola z’okusoma ezikwatagana eza 13.56MHz.
Okugatta circuit zombi mu mubiri gwa kaadi gumu kya mugaso ng'ekitongole kirina okukuuma enkola y'okuyingira LF ey'edda nga kyongerako enkola ey'enjawulo HF . Tegatta protocols oba databases zombi. Omuwa kaadi alina okwewandiisa n’okuddukanya buli kiwandiiko ekikakasa mu nkola ekwatagana.
TK4100 etera okulondebwa ng’ekiwandiiko ekisomebwa kyokka eri abasomi abakwatagana aba 125kHz okumpi. Okutwalira awamu ekozesebwa nga enkola esoma ennamba y’okumanyisa etakyukakyuka okusinga okutereka data y’enkola. Enkola ya bit entuufu, enkwata ya facility-code n’okukwatagana kw’omusomi birina okukakasibwa n’omugatta okufuga okuyingira.
F08 etera okukozesebwa nga 13.56MHz contactless memory credential mu nkola ezikwatagana. Omuguzi alina okukakasa enkyusa ya F08 entuufu, ensengeka y’ekijjukizo, ebisumuluzo, enkwata ya UID, data ya sector n’enkola y’okugifuula ey’obuntu. Frequency ekola eya 13.56MHz yokka tekakasa kukwatagana na ssimu za ssimu, NFC enkola, enkola ezirina akabonero ka MIFARE oba buli ISO /IEC 14443 reader.
Mu bigambo bya smart-card, dual frequency mu budde obutuufu kitegeeza enkola za leediyo bbiri ezitaliiko kukwatagana nga LF + HF . Dual interface etera okutegeeza contact chip nga kwogasse n’enkolagana etaliiko contact. Kozesa ekigambo ekituufu mu bifaananyi, ebijuliziddwa n’ebiwandiiko by’enkola okutangira ensobi mu kugula.
| Ekintu | TK4100 Oludda | F08 Oludda |
|---|---|---|
| Emirundi | 125kHz LF nga bwe kiri. | 13.56MHz HF nga bwe kiri. |
| Omulimu ogwa bulijjo | Fixed-ID proximity credential eri abasomi abakwatagana abayingira oba abajja. | Soma/wandiika ebiwandiiko by'okujjukira ku nkola za kaadi ezikwatagana HF . |
| Amawulire g’omusomi geetaagisa | Ekika ky’omusomi/ekyokulabirako, enkola ya data ewagirwa, ennamba ya kaadi esuubirwa n’obuwanvu bw’okusoma ekigendererwa. | Ekika ky’omusomi/ekyokulabirako, enkola, ebyetaago by’okujjukira/ebisumuluzo, enkola ya UID n’enkola y’emirimu gy’okutunda esuubirwa. |
| Okwefuula omuntu | Ebiseera ebisinga okusinziira ku kimanyisa ekikoleddwa mu kkolero; kakasa oba enkola yeetaaga ensengeka y’ennamba entongole. | Kiyinza okwetaagisa pulogulaamu y’ekitongole, ebisumuluzo, fayiro za data oba okwewandiisa ku ludda lw’abafulumya. |
| Okuteeka mu bifo by’ebyokwerinda | Esaanira pulojekiti ezikkiriza ekiwandiiko ekisookerwako ekisomebwa kyokka LF . | Okusaanira kisinziira ku chip entuufu n’enkola y’ebyokwerinda. Pulojekiti empya oba ez’obukuumi obw’amaanyi zirina okulaga omukutu gwa chip ogw’obukuumi ogukkirizibwa. |
| Okukwatagana kw'essimu | Essimu ez’omulembe mu budde obutuufu tezisoma biwandiiko bya 125kHz eby’okumpi. | Tolowooza nti essimu za ssimu zikwatagana; okukakasa chip entuufu, protocol n'enkola y'essimu egenderere. |
Antenna bbiri eziteekeddwa munda mu kaadi emu ennyimpi zisobola okukwata ku resonance, read distance, lamination behavior ne punching clearance. N’olwekyo geometry ya antenna erina okukolebwa nga ensengekera ya kaadi emu ekwataganye okusinga okugatta inlays bbiri ezeetongodde awatali kukakasibwa.
LF koyilo ne HF antenna zirina okuteekebwa okukendeeza ku kuyungibwa okuteetaagibwa n’okuleka zoni ezitangaavu ez’empenda za kaadi, modulo z’okukwatagana, emisono gya magineeti, ebipande by’omukono, ebituli oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebisaliddwa mu ngeri ey’okufa. Dizayini erina okugezesebwa n’omusulo gwennyini ogwa kaadi eziwedde kubanga layers ezikubiddwa, Firimu ya overlay s n’ebintu ebitambuza ebiriraanyewo bisobola okukosa omulimu gwa RF.
Ebifo ebipakiddwa chip biyinza okwetaagisa ebituli eby’omu kitundu, layers ezisiba emitto oba okuzimba ebintu ebifugibwa. Dizayini embi eya chip-area esobola okuleeta ebikonde, empewo okusibira, okukyusakyusa okukuba, okukutuka oba okwonooneka kw’okukuba ebikonde. Ekifaananyi ekikkiriziddwa kirina okulaga ensengekera za chip n’obuwanvu bw’ekitundu obukkirizibwa.
Kaadi esoma obulungi ku desktop reader emu eyinza okukola mu ngeri ey’enjawulo ku access reader essiddwa ku bbugwe, kkufulu ya wooteeri, turnstile oba terminal ekwata mu ngalo. Kaadi ez’ekyokulabirako zirina okugezesebwa ku buli muze gw’omusomi oguzingirwa mu kuteeka mu nkola, okuva ku kulaga okungi n’oluvannyuma lw’okuziyiwa okusembayo.
HF Enkola y'Omusomi
RFID Ekyokulabirako ky'okukozesa
Ensengeka ya prelam erina okukwatagana n’ebipande bya kasitoma ebikuba ebitabo, laminator, enkola y’okugatta, ekintu ekikuba ebikonde n’okulaga kaadi ewedde. Erinnya lya layout nga 3×8 terimala kufulumya production; ekifaananyi ekipimiddwa kyetaagisa.
| Okukuba Ebifaananyi Amawulire g'Ekintu | Okukakasa |
|---|---|
| Enkola y’Olupapula | Okutwaliza awamu obugazi n’obuwanvu bw’empapula, matrix, eddoboozi lya kaadi, empenda z’empenda n’obulagirizi bw’okuliisa. |
| Ekifo kya Kaadi | Ensengeka ya kaadi ewedde, radius y’enkoona, layini y’okukuba ebikonde n’okutunula mu maaso/emabega. |
| LF Enkulungo | Ebipimo bya koyilo, okukyuka, ekifo kya chip, enkola ya lead n’ekifo ekikuumibwa nga tekisaliddwa. |
| HF Enkulungo | Ensengeka ya antenna, bridge/chip position, tuning target n’ekifo ekikuumibwa nga tekisaliddwako. |
| Okwewandiisa | Obubonero obw’amaaso, obubonero bw’okukuba ebikonde, obubonero bw’okuwandiisa okukuba ebitabo n’okusengulwa kwa X/Y okukkirizibwa. |
| Ebintu Ebirala | Contact-module cavity, magnetic stripe zone, signature panel, ekifo ky’ebifaananyi, ekituli ky’ekifo oba ekifaananyi eky’ennono. |
| Omutwalo gwa Kaadi | Printable core, prelam, Firimu ya overlay s, adhesives, obuwanvu bw’ekigendererwa kyonna n’ensengeka ya layeri. |
Ensengeka ya Kaadi ya Hybrid RFID ewedde
Ensengeka ya Frequency bbiri Inlay Ensengeka
Waayo LF ne HF chip references ezeetaagisa, models z'omusomi, ensengeka ya card-number, ebyetaago bya programming n'ebanga ly'okukkiriza. Tokkiriza chip okusinziira ku frequency yokka.
Kakasa sayizi y’olupapula, matrix, eddoboozi lya kaadi, ensengeka ya antenna, coordinates za chip, obubonero bw’okuwandiisa, obulagirizi bw’okukuba ebikonde n’omutambi gwa layeri omujjuvu.
Gezesa bare prelam sheets ne cards eziwedde. Kebera enkola ya chip, okuddamu kwa antenna, obuwanvu bw’okungulu, okukwatagana kwa lamination, endabika y’okulaba n’enkola y’omusomi.
Ebbugumu, puleesa, obudde bw’okubeera, omutindo gw’ebbugumu n’embeera y’okunyogoga birina okukolebwa nga tukozesa substrate erongooseddwa ne Firimu ya overlay . Ebbugumu oba puleesa esukkiridde eyinza okutambuza antenna, okukyusa ekitundu kya chip oba okukyusa RF tuning.
Sampuli ya Zaabu eriko omukono erina okunnyonnyola endabika ya kaadi ekkirizibwa, ebipimo, enneeyisa y’ebyuma bikalimagezi n’enkola y’omusomi okusobola okukeberebwa mu kibinja ekiddako.
Kozesa okuzuula looti n’enteekateeka z’okutwala sampuli ezikkaanyiziddwaako okukuuma okulondoola okuva ku chips ne antenna okuyita mu kukola prelam, card lamination n’okutuusa okusembayo.
| Okukebera | Ebyo by’olina okukebera | Omutendera ogusemba |
|---|---|---|
| Endagamuntu ya Chip | LF / HF ekituufu ekijuliziddwa ku chip, UID oba data ya serial, okulondoola lot n'okwonooneka kwa chip okulabika. | Ebitundu ebiyingira n'okumaliriza prelam. |
| Obulungi bwa Antenna | Continuity, bonding points, embeera ya coil lead n’obulema bwa antenna. | Nga tebannaba kusooka n’oluvannyuma lw’okusooka. |
| Okuddamu kwa RF | LF ne HF zikola nga zeetongodde, okukwatagana kw'omusomi ekigendererwa, okulungamya n'eddirisa ly'ebanga ly'okusoma. | Bare prelam ne card ewedde. |
| Enkolagana ey’omusalaba | Kakasa nti okukola omusomi omu tekitondekawo nneeyisa etakkirizibwa mu nkulungo eyookubiri. | Sampuli ya yinginiya ne Sampuli ya Zaabu. |
| Okuwandiisa Ensengeka | Enfo ya chip ne antenna ku X/Y coordinates, punching line ne no-cut zones. | Buli looti y’okufulumya. |
| Omutindo gw’Ebyuma | Ebipimo by’empapula, obuwanvu, obupapajjo, ebiwujjo, obucaafu, ekibumba kya chip mu kitundu n’okwonooneka kungulu. | prelam okufulumya okukebera. |
| Ebyavudde mu Lamination | Okuziyiza ebikuta, warpage, obuwanvu bwa kaadi, omutindo gw’empenda n’endabika ya chip-area. | Okukakasa kaadi ewedde. |
| Okwefuula omuntu | Okukwata ennamba okutuufu LF , HF enkola y'ekijjukizo/ekisumuluzo n'okuwandiisa database. | Okukakasa omufulumya oba system-integrator. |
Omugatte gwa TK4100 + F08 gusinga kukwatagana nga embeera z’abasomi bbiri eziriwo zirina okuwagirwa mu bbaluwa emu ey’omubiri era enkola zombi zikakasiddwa okusinziira ku chips ezirondeddwa.
Kaadi z'abakozi ne kkampuni ezikozesebwa mu bifo eby'edda LF eby'okuyingira n'enkola ey'enjawulo HF .
Kaadi za kampusi, kiraabu oba ez’okuddukanya ebintu nga zigatta enkola bbiri ezikwatagana ez’ebiwandiiko.
Pulojekiti z'okubeerawo kw'obudde n'okutuuka ku kuzimba ezeetaaga ebimanyisa LF ne HF eby'enjawulo.
Pulojekiti z’okusenguka ekitongole mwe kikyuka okuva ku basomi ba 125kHz okudda ku bikozesebwa ebya 13.56MHz.
OEM okukola smart-card nga ekkolero lya kaadi lye lifuga enkola enzijuvu ey’okukuba, okusiba n’okukuba ebikonde.
Ku kkufulu za wooteeri, entambula, okusasula, ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti oba enkola endala ezifugibwa, okukwatagana n’okukkirizibwa kw’obukuumi kulina okuva eri nnannyini nkola. Okukwatagana kwa frequency kwokka tekumala.
| Pulojekiti Yeetaaga | Obulagirizi Obusoboka | Ebisaanyizo Ebikulu |
|---|---|---|
| Omusingi LF Okuzuula | TK4100 oba ekiwandiiko ekirala ekikkirizibwa okusoma kwokka LF . | Kakasa ensengeka ya data y’omusomi n’ebyetaago bya nnamba ya kaadi. |
| Ebiwandiiko LF Ebiwandiiko | Chip ekwatagana ewandiikibwa LF eyinza okwekenneenyezebwa. | Kakasa ebikozesebwa mu pulogulaamu, memory, password/obukuumi n’olukusa lw’enkola y’amateeka. |
| Legacy HF Kaadi y'okujjukira | F08 oba chip endala eya 13.56MHz memory chip ekkirizibwa enkola. | Kakasa ebisumuluzo, enneeyisa ya UID, maapu y'okujjukira ne firmware y'omusomi. |
| Pulojekiti Empya Ekwata ku Byokwerinda HF | Laga omukutu gwa chip ogw’omulembe ogw’obukuumi ogukkirizibwa nnannyini nkola. | Lambulula cryptography, enzirukanya y’ebisumuluzo, obulamu n’ebyetaago by’okuweebwa satifikeeti nga tonnaba kukola dizayini ya antenna. |
| Okutunda ku ssimu | Londa NFC chip ekwatagana ne Forum ekoleddwa okukwatagana ne ssimu za ssimu. | Gezesa ku byuma bya iOS ne Android ebigendereddwamu; tolowooza nti F08 ekwatagana. |
| Okulondoola okuva ewala | Omugatte gwa UHF guyinza okukolebwa yinginiya ng’ensengekera y’omugatte ey’enjawulo. | Region, reader, antenna orientation n’okugezesa RF ku kaadi ewedde byetaagibwa. |
RFID prelam sheets zirina okukuumibwa obutafukamira, okufuluma kw’amasannyalaze, ebifo ebirimu puleesa, obunnyogovu obw’amaanyi, obucaafu n’ebbugumu eritafugibwa. Ebikwata ku kupakinga birina okukwatagana ne sayizi ya sheet, chip profile, enkola y’okusindika n’okulondoola looti okwetaagisa.
Kozesa firimu ennyonjo eyingiza oba ekuuma okukendeeza ku kukunya kungulu n’okutambuza obutundutundu.
Ebipande bikuume nga bipapajjo era owanirire ekifo ekijjuvu ng’okwata.
Yawula ebifo ebikolebwamu era ozuule okugatta kwa chip, ensengeka, obungi n’embeera y’okukebera.
Kiriza ebintu okutebenkeza mu mbeera y’okufulumya nga tebannaba kugikolako nga embeera y’okutereka n’emisomo gyawukana nnyo.
Wallis ewagira amakolero ga kaadi, RFID abagaba eby’okugonjoola n’abagaba ebintu nga balina okukwatagana kwa chip okwesigamiziddwa ku pulojekiti, yinginiya wa antenna eya custom, okukola sheet-layout n’okugatta card-material. Ekigendererwa kwe kuwa ensengeka ya prelam eyinza okukakasibwa mu mbeera y’omusomi yennyini n’okulabula kw’omuguzi.
Engineering-oriented specification: chip, antenna, reader, layout ne card stack byekenneenyezebwa wamu.
Obuwagizi bw’ensengeka eya custom: matrices, dimensions, registration marks ne chip coordinates zisobola okugoberera tooling y’omuguzi.
Okugatta ebikozesebwa: okukwatagana kw’empapula eziyinza okukubibwa ne Firimu ya overlay s kuyinza okuteesebwako ku nsengeka ya kaadi enzijuvu.
Ebisaanyizo ebikulemberwa sampuli: sampuli za yinginiya n’okukkirizibwa kwa Golden Sample bikendeeza ku bulabe bw’okufulumya ebintu mu bungi.
Ebiwandiiko bya B2B: ebifaananyi, ebikwata ku bikozesebwa, okuzuula looti n’ebyetaago by’okukebera bisobola okukwatagana n’ekiragiro ky’okugula.
| Amawulire ageetaagisa | Ekyokulabirako oba Ennyinyonnyola |
|---|---|
| LF Chip n'Omusomi | TK4100 oba ekirala; omusomi brand/model; ekyetaagisa okufulumya/kaadi-namba format. |
| HF Chip n'Omusomi | Enkyusa ya F08 entuufu oba endala; omusomi brand/model; ebyetaago bya protocol, ebisumuluzo, memory ne UID. |
| Enkola y’Ekigendererwa | Ebanga erisinga obutono/ekisinga obunene okusoma, okulungamya n’okuteekawo okugezesa ku buli frequency. |
| Okukuba ekifaananyi ky’olupapula | Okutwaliza awamu sayizi, ensengeka, eddoboozi lya kaadi, obubonero bw’okukuba ebikonde, obulagirizi bw’emmere n’engeri kaadi gy’etunulamu. |
| Omutwalo gwa Kaadi oguwedde | Core sheets, Firimu ya overlay s, adhesives, layers ezikubiddwa n’obuwanvu bwonna obw’ekigendererwa. |
| Ebintu Ebirala Ebikwata ku Kaadi | Magnetic stripe, contact chip, signature panel, slot, ekifo ekitangaavu oba ekifaananyi eky’enjawulo. |
| Amawulire agakwata ku kulagira | Omuwendo gwa sampuli, obungi bw’okuteebereza, okupakinga, ekifo w’ogenda n’ebiwandiiko ebyetaagisa. |
Ye kaadi ya semi-finished nga erimu circuit ya 125kHz TK4100 ne circuit ya 13.56MHz F08 eyawuddwamu mu buli kifo kya kaadi. Oluvannyuma olupapula lugattibwa ne layers eziyinza okukubibwa ne Firimu ya overlay s, ne ziteekebwako laminated ne zikubwa mu kaadi eziwedde.
Nedda.Zi chips ezeetongodde nga zirina ensengekera za antenna ez’enjawulo, frequency n’enneeyisa ya data. Ebiwandiiko LF ne HF biwandiisiddwa era biddukanyizibwa okwawukana.
TK4100 okutwalira awamu elondebwa nga ekiwandiiko ekiraga LF ekisomebwa kyokka. Bwe kiba kyetaagisa omulimu LF oguwandiikibwa, laga omusomi, ebyuma ebikola pulogulaamu ne chip endala ekkiriziddwa nga tonnajuliza.
F08 ne MIFARE Classic ziyinza okukozesebwa mu mbeera z’okukozesa ez’omulembe ezifaanagana eza 13.56MHz, naye tezirina kwanjulwa nga chip ey’ekika kye kimu. Kakasa omukozi wa chip omutuufu, enneeyisa ya protocol, memory, ebisumuluzo, ebyetaago bya UID n'okukwatagana kw'omusomi.
Nedda.Okukola ku 13.56MHz tekifuula chip okukolagana n'amasimu gonna NFC mu ngeri ya otomatiki. Okukwatagana kw’essimu ez’amaanyi kisinziira ku chip ne protocol entuufu, hardware y’essimu, enkola y’emirimu n’enkola.
Kiyinza okulowoozebwako oluvannyuma lw’omukozi w’ekizibiti kya wooteeri oba omugatta enkola okukakasa chip eyeetaagisa, enkola, enneeyisa ya UID/ekisumuluzo n’okukwatagana kw’omusomi. Enkola za wooteeri tezikyusibwakyusibwa okusinziira ku frequency yokka.
Tokitwala nti bw’otyo. Pulojekiti z’okusasula n’ez’obukuumi obw’amaanyi zeetaaga chips ezikkirizibwa enkola, cryptography, satifikeeti, okufuga okulongoosa n’okugezesa kaadi enzijuvu. Omukutu gwa chip ogusingako obukuumi guyinza okwetaagisa.
Yee. Ebipimo by’empapula, matrix ya kaadi, geometry ya antenna, chip coordinates, obubonero bw’okuwandiisa, obuwanvu n’okulaga kaadi bisobola okukolebwa okuva mu kifaananyi eky’ekikugu ekikkirizibwa.
Ekifo ekijuliziddwa mu kiseera kino ku LF + HF prelam eno kiri nga 0.55–0.60mm. Obugumu obw’amazima n’okugumiikiriza bisinziira ku bitundu by’ebyuma, okuzimba antenna, substrate n’omusulo gwa kaadi ogusembayo ogwetaagisa.
Gezesa frequency zombi nga zeetongodde ku buli reader target, olwo oddemu oluvannyuma lw’okukuba, lamination, punching ne personalization. Era kebera obuwanvu bwa kaadi, warpage, chip-area flatness, peeling ne antenna position.
Pulojekiti esobola okuteesebwako nga prelam-only supply oba nga coordinated card-material structure omuli printable core sheets ne Firimu ya overlay s. Layer zonna zirina okuba nga zirina ebisaanyizo wamu nga tezinnaba kukola mu bungi.
Mulimu ebikwata ku chip ebituufu, ebikolwa by’abasomi, ebyetaago bya protocol ne data, okukuba ensengeka, okukwatagana kwa antenna/chip, okugumiikiriza obuwanvu n’ebipimo, emisingi gy’okukkiriza RF, okupakinga, enteekateeka y’okukebera ne Golden Sample ekkiriziddwa.
